![]() ![]() We expected that having a conversation with the other participant could ease this experience of stress, but only when the other person was experiencing a similar set of emotions. We expected that women who were afraid of public speaking would, of course, be stressed out (i.e., they would feel worried and anxious and show high levels of cortisol), but what we were primarily interested in was how being and talking with another person would impact their stress response. To measure how much the speech stressed them out, we asked these women how worried and anxious they felt and also assessed their cortisol levels-a stress hormone. We also used these questionnaires to measure emotional similarity by correlating each woman’s responses with her partner’s. We even had them show each other their responses on an emotions questionnaire, so they could see how much the other participant was feeling a wide range of emotions, such as happy, upset, irritable, ashamed, nervous, and relaxed. However, before the speeches, we gave the pairs time to get to know each other, and encouraged them to discuss how they were feeling about making their speeches. We told these young women that their main task would be to give a speech in front of a video camera. Female undergraduate students came to our lab for a study and were paired up with someone they had never met. Heejung Kim and I examined whether talking with someone who is emotionally similar helps to reduce people’s experiences of stress during threatening situations by conducting the following experiment. A toy car is similar to a real car.Does public speaking stress you out? If you are the type of person who gets very stressed out when you have to give a presentation, what do you usually do to help yourself feel better? Take a deep breath? Imagine the crowd naked? Perhaps talk to someone who looks confident and seems to know what she’s doing? Or share your feelings with someone who seems equally stressed? Most people may not think of this last one, but our recent research suggests they might want to give it a try. Transformation - If one thing can be changed into another thing easily, either in the real world or in a person's mind, people might say the things are similar (a seed is similar to a plant.Also, if the first parts of the words for two things are the same, people might say the things are similar. Phonetics - If the words for two things sound the same, people might say the things are similar.Hierarchy - If one thing is a small part of a larger thing, people might say the things are similar. ![]() Functions - If two things are used for the same reasons, people might say the things are similar.(coins and wheels are similar, because they are both round.) Similar features could include: shape, texture (what the surface looks like), material (what something is made out of), color, weight, size, temperature, and other features. Features - If something about two things are the same, people might say the things are similar.How do people decide that two things are similar? When it comes to similarity, this might include listing words, using categories as clues for learning new words, sorting objects into groups, or other tasks that have to do with comparing things to one another.ĭepending on how quickly people do these tasks, or how many mistakes they make, psychologists can find out what rules they are using to decide if things are similar. Once a model can respond with the correct (similar) words, then it is likely that the rules the computer program uses are the same rules that people use to decide whether words are similar.īehavioral research Īnother way that psychologists look into similarity is by putting people in special situations and watching what they do. Computer models do this by applying some set of rules to a large collection of real world text (called a corpus). For instance, a person might say that "cat" and "dog" are similar words, so a good computer model should be able to take the word "dog" and respond with the word "cat" in a list of similar words. Then they will write a computer program that tries to simulate the same answers that the humans gave. Scientists will, for example, ask people to rate a number of objects as more or less similar to each other. One important tool used by psychologists to look into similarity is computer modeling. Many psychologists try to find out what rules people use when they decide that two things are similar. Similarity in the area of cognitive psychology refers to things or ideas that people put together in the same groups, or categories, in their minds.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |